Epigenetics; the Study of How Cells Control Gene Activity without Changing the DNA Sequence

 

Epigenetics Market


Epigenetics is the study of how changes in people's behavior & environment affect the functioning of their genes. Unlike genetic changes, epigenetic changes are reversible and do not change the DNA sequence, but they can change how the body reads a DNA sequence. Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of DNA and modify DNA without altering the genetic sequence. Epigenetic changes affect how genes are turned on and off, or expressed, and thus help regulate how cells in different parts of the body use the same genetic code.

Several lifestyle factors might modify epigenetic patterns, such as physical activity, diet, alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, obesity, environmental pollutants, working on a night shift, and psychological stress, among others. Epigenetic modifications can be maintained from cell to cell as cells divide and, in some cases, can be inherited through generations. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, can contribute to altering gene expression in a heritable manner without affecting the underlying genomic sequences.

The genes children inherit from their biological parents provide information that guides their development. It means that a parent's experiences, in the form of epigenetic tags, can be passed down to future generations. There are two types of epigenetic modifications; DNA methylation and histone modifications. DNA methylation occurs by the addition of a methyl (CH3) group to DNA, thereby often modifying the function of the genes and affecting gene expression. It is a stable epigenetic mark that can be inherited through multiple cell divisions.

Histone methylation and histone de-methylation are epigenetic modifications that have the power to reduce and/or bolster gene expression, especially as a result of altering chromatin structure. In recent times, Epigenetics Market diagnostics have emerged as an effective measure for the treatment of chronic diseases such as cancer. The Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics in Freiburg (Germany) is an interdisciplinary research institution that conducts basic research in two key areas of modern biology.


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